Saksagan

A Blend of Anatolian Heritage The Lydian language, belonging to the New Anatolian languages, unfolds a linguistic tale shaped by the aftermath of the Hittite...

Herodotus The Father of History Life and Travels Herodotus, hailed as the “father of history” by Cicero, was born in Dorian Halicarnassus (modern Bodrum). His participation...

Authority, Contempt, and Political Context Authority and Contempt Heraclitus, rather than attributing his mindset to a psychological trait, should be seen as an extreme example of...

Unity in Diversity The Great Truth of Unity Heraclitus, the Greek philosopher, asserted the great truth that ‘All things are one.’ However, this unity embraces difference,...

Struggles and Expansion John Hyrcanus I Maintaining Power and Expanding Territories John Hyrcanus I (134-104), the Maccabean ruler, faced challenges to secure his crown. He first...

Western Frontiers and Client Kingdoms Mithradates II faced challenges on the western frontiers, quelling rebellions in Iraq and Charax. He appointed Tigranes as the vassal...

Challenge from the Scythians Following Antiochus VII’s defeat, the Parthians faced new challenges from Scythian raids into Iran. In response, Phraates, utilizing Greek captives from...

Pontus, Cappadocia, and Pergamun Pontus A Multilingual Region The northern coast of Asia Minor, known as Pontus, was dominated by a feudal Persian nobility. Despite its...

Unhappy Marriages and Poisoned Kings The marriage between Antiochus II and Berenice turned out to be far from happy. After a brief period, Antiochus abandoned...

During its zenith around 300 B.C., the Seleucid Kingdom, led by Seleucus Nicator, spanned approximately 1.5 million square miles. Despite being considered Alexander’s true...